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Cionti F. |
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Iorio M. |
Mason M. A. |
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Giuliana Mazzoni La testimonianza nei casi di abuso sessuale sui minori Giuffrè, Milano, 2000 (abstract in english) |
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Aldert Vrij |
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Jackson J.L., Bekerian D.A., Offender profiling. Theory, research and practice,
Wiley, Chichester, West Sussex, England, 1997; Turvey B., Criminal profiling. An introduction to behavioral evidence analysis, Academic Press, San Diego, California, 1999; Holmes R.M., Holmes S.T. Omicidi seriali. Le nuove frontiere della conoscenza e dellintervento, Centro scientifico editore, Torino, 2000; Montet L., Tueurs en série. Introduction au profilage, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, 2000. |
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Anna Maria Di Paolo, Elementi di Intelligence e tecniche di analisi investigativa, Laurus Robuffo, Roma, 2000. |
Freschi di stampa
- Just off the press |
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| Basic Books, New York, 2000 | |
| The custody wars: why children are losing the legal battle and what we can do about it | |
Ottenere la custodia del
proprio figlio dopo il divorzio non è solo il modo per salvaguardare una soddisfacente
relazione con una persona a cui si è profondamente legati, ma anche il modo per
conservare lidentità sociale, che da questo ruolo genitoriale deriva. Talvolta
vincere la battaglia legale significa imporre la propria volontà e forza
allex-coniuge e costituisce lennesima ferita inferta ad una persona per cui si
nutre ostilità e che nel vero senso della parola costituisce la "parte
avversa". Prendersi cura del proprio figlio può risultare un privilegio da ostentare
di fronte alla comunità, unattività gratificante che si fonda sulla collaborazione
fra ex-coniugi, oppure un compito duro, svolto in sordina e tanto più gravoso quanto
laltro genitore si dimostra disinteressato. Paola Ghio |
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| Giuffrè, Milano, 2000 | |
| LA TESTIMONIANZA NEI CASI DI ABUSO SESSUALE SUI MINORI | |
In the last years the cases of children heard as witness have had a considerable increase both in Italy and other countries, most of all in penal proceedings related to presumed sexual abuses where the young witness is often also the victim. On the one hand, the spread of the cases of sexual abuse led to realize the problem, on the other, the excessive awareness of public opinion, which transformed such a difficult question into a "current fashion", together with a scarcely appropriate use of intervention techniques by badly-trained operators, led to have more and more series of false witnessing. The final consequence is the loss of importance of some methods which could instead lead to discover true cases. The book "Witnessing in Cases of Sexual Abuse on Children" ed. Giuliana Mazzoni was created with the purpose of collecting the most significant contributions on children witnessing. The main aims of the book are to highlight, popularizing it, the complexity and fragility of the moment of the childs witnessing and to suggest the operators of this area (psychologists, social workers, policemen, lawyers, judges) more "scientific", appropriate and less and less improvised ways of intervention which preserve the childs psychological integrity and do not damage the truthfulness of the witnesss account. A digression about the articles of norms that govern witnessing in Italy shows the evolution of the legislative approach to the dealing of cases where the child acts in the role of witness-victim of a presumed violence: starting from the article 392 of the penal code, paragraph 1b, governing the request by the Public Prosecutor or by the person subjected to the inquiries to proceed with probative incident to the assumption of witnessing of a person under 16 in the proceedings for sexual crimes; up to the up-to-date version (law No. 269/98), including among the above-said crimes juvenile prostitution, juvenile pornography and tourism linked to juvenile prostitution exploitation; and to the law No. 66 of the 15th February 1996 that introduces protected childs witnessing in order to safeguard the psycho-physical health of this one. The exposition of Italian normative aspects on sexual abuses on children is completed by the legislation in force in other Countries. Furthermore the book shows the phases of the protected interview to the child (creation of a friendly relation with the child, free account, open questions, specific but not leading questions, end of the interview) and the usual procedures followed in our Country in order to examine cases of presumed sexual abuse. These procedures lead to highlight intervention and judgement mistakes which confirm the lack of uniformity in the followed guide-lines. The main mistakes are: the widespread verifying attitude of some experts who take the initial hypothesis as true even though they dont have an effective confirmation, the overestimation of the symbolic meaning, the confusion between therapeutical and legal task. The descriptive elements of the abuse provide useful information to understand the complexity of subjects related to sexual abuse. These elements concern the type of sexual abuse, its frequency, intensity and duration, the victims individual features, the type of relationship between the victim and the abuser, the reaction of other people to this abuse. They also concern the cognitive indicators (anomalous sexual knowledge for the victims age), physical indicators (defloration, bruises, ), and behavioural/emotional indicators (fear, depression, disturbed sleep ). Furthermore in this section of the volume we can find the main themes connected to the rehabilitation and treatment of people involved in sexual abuse: punitive and redressive interventions are listed in order to show the more appropriate techniques for the childs rehabilitation. In order to point out the problems one can incur when following not appropriate procedures in the examination of the child who has probably been victim of an abuse, the book presents data regarding researches on memory and witnessing of children. Since remembering is part of a reconstructive mechanism and not of a reproductive one and the description of a past event is the result of the combination of pieces of information gathered in memory at different times, it is blameworthy and counterproductive to hear many times the same children as witnesses and to subject them each time to new leading questions, incurring the risk of modifying the memory of the original event or of building completely false memories of facts which never occurred but have been engendered by this information. The writers invite to consider the pliability of childrens memory and to proceed on the basis of professional schemes without improvising interviews, in order to avoid the most common danger, that is to say, the filtering influence suggestion in the construction of false memories. Ray Bull, one of the experts who have elaborated in Great Britain the national guide-lines related to the procedure to be followed in the examination of cases of presumed sexual abuse on children, provides some generalities about the techniques of the interview. He suggests not to conduct an interview without an appropriate planning which must consider the childs age, his/her level of linguistic, his/her cognitive and communicative development and even the time elapsed between the crime and the first interview. An appropriate preparation of the operators together with the respects of the phases of the interview (establishing a relation with the little witness; letting him/her give free account; formulating open, specific, closed or suggestive questions; using anatomical dolls and other supports) is, with no doubt, the necessary condition for a succesful interview. The "Cognitive Interview" (IC) is one of the specific techniques suggested for the examination and the interview in order to help the professionals to get more careful and complete accounts by a witness. By describing the different phases of the interview related to the mental reconstruction of the physical context of the crime (i.e. reporting all the information even though in a fragmentary way; reminding, by changing the perspective and starting from different points of view; trying to remember, by starting from different moments, for instance from the end or from the half), the expert of this method, Amina Memon, explains the advantages of the IC technique and the several obstacles to its application to very young children who find it difficult to understand the suggested remembering techniques (i.e. changing the order or the perspective). At this point the reader is suggested to use at least one of the interviewing techniques, as a part of a more complete investigating interview. In a particular way, the policemen and the judge for preliminary inquiries who conducts the interview during the protected witnessing are invited to reflect upon the way in which the interviews are conducted in our Country, by comparing some important points of the guide-lines suggested in Great Britain. The presented lines sum up the reference criteria which are necessary to conduct a videotaped interview in the correct way. For instance, it is important to fix the aims of the interview before it is made or to fix its duration according to the childs needs. After having thus outlined the techniques of the interview and the results obtained in the last years by psychological research about witnessing, the book shows a section on the analysis of the content of childrens witnessing. In this section, the authors explain the "Statement Validity Analysis", a technique evaluating the truthfulness of the witness of the young victim of an abuse, which has been conceived by Undeutsch in Germany and developed by Max Steller. The main purpose is to present this technique which is nowadays widespread in Italy as well as a not yet standardized instrument (and thus not comparable to a real test), which can anyway provide valid information on the truthfulness of the witnesss account, if used in a sufficiently competent way. The knowledge of this technique is desirable in order to face the examination of cases of presumed abuse from the right viewpoint and, for this reason, a general plan of its phases is provided: examination of the information related to the case, half-structured intertview of the child, C.B.C.A. (Criteria-Based Content Analysis) of the written interview, examination of the validity of further information on the case. The final part of the volume contains the example of an Italian case in which the Criteria-Based Content Analysis was applied and a large review of the last results of researches, related to the examination of the childs witness and to the use of the C.B.C.A. technique in other Countries. This section wishes to offer information about the way of developing the analysis of the content as well as about its scientific validity. "Witnessing in cases of sexual abuse on children" aims to be a spur to establish in Italy a more scientific and professional approach in the examination of the young witness; the operators must acquire a furhter knowledge and reflect upon the focus of the childs witness psychology, often highlighted by the author Mazzoni in the volume: linked to the young witness: the witnessing can cause the child to change his/her memory of the event but, if well conducted, it can turn the child into a trustworthy witness. Serena Pezzati |
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ALPA G., La cultura delle regole. Storia del diritto civile italiano, Laterza, Bari, 2000. Il libro presenta una sintesi della storia del Diritto Italiano, a partire dalla cultura giuridica di fine Settecento fino alla metodologia formalista, prevalente nel Novecento. Si descrive la frattura politica del Fascismo e quella successiva della forma repubblicana, che hanno inciso sul fluire del Diritto Civile, di cui è rimasta però intatta la struttura istituzionale. Si analizzano quindi i grandi rivolgimenti degli anni 70, nonché lavvento del mercato comune. Fattori sociali ed economici, dimensioni politiche, esigenze della teoria e della prassi costituiscono il substrato, che si intravede dietro la cristallizzazione di regole legislative e regole giurisprudenziali.
BRAMBILLA E., Alle origini del Santo Uffizio. Penitenza, confessione e giustizia spirituale dal Medioevo al XVI secolo, Il Mulino, Bologna, 2000.
A partire dalla storia della giustizia penale spirituale, risalente al Tardo Impero Romano, il saggio affronta le questioni attinenti la nascita nel 1542 del Tribunale del Santo Uffizio. Quali sono i suoi caratteri nuovi e quali gli elementi di continuità con linquisizione delegata papale? Qual è la posizione di questo tribunale, specializzato nella repressione del dissenso, rispetto alle altre istanze della giustizia "spirituale"?. Fulcro del sistema penale spirituale del tempo erano i "casi riservati", peccati reati gravi, che si dovevano perseguire nel foro "esterno" e contemporaneamente in quello "interno", sia in giudizio che in confessione.
Centro nazionale di documentazione ed analisi per linfanzia e ladolescenza; Centro di documentazione per linfanzia e ladolescenza, Regione Toscana; Istituto degli Innocenti, Firenze (a cura di),Rassegna bibliografica infanzia e adolescenza, Istituto degli Innocenti, Firenze, 2000.
La rivista bibliografica, a periodicità trimestrale, si propone di costituire un organo dedicato alla segnalazione commentata delle principali pubblicazioni italiane in tema di infanzia e di adolescenza, siano esse semplici articoli o monografie. Tra i soggetti proposti ricordiamo: abbandono degli studi, aborto, abuso sessuale sui minori, adolescenti a rischio, adozione, affidamento, anoressia nervosa, ascolto del minore, assistenza, bambini emigrati, bambini in affidamento familiare, bambini ospedalizzati, bambini svantaggiati, bullismo, comportamenti a rischio, disturbi psichici, disabilità, divorzio, educazione civile, morale e sessuale, famiglie di fatto, fecondazione eterologa, genitori, giovani, identità, interesse del minore, interruzione volontaria di gravidanza, interventi sociali, lavoro minorile, maternità, minori imputati, paternità, paura, prevenzione, processo penale e civile, procreazione assistita, prostituzione, psicoterapia, relazioni familiari, scuola, servizi educativi e residenziali, sessualità, suicidio, televisione, tossicodipendenza, turismo sessuale, violenza sessuale. Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri Dipartimento per gli Affari Sociali, Piano nazionale di azione e di interventi per la tutela dei diritti e lo sviluppo dei soggetti in età evolutiva 2000-2001
Con questo opuscolo la Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri porta a conoscenza della cittadinanza il programma di interventi a favore dellinfanzia e delladolescenza, che viene stilato con cadenza biennale Tale programmazione di azioni comprende fra i suoi punti la nuova legge sulle adozioni internazionali, gli interventi contro il lavoro minorile, lo sfruttamento e la violenza sessuale.
Indicatori europei dellinfanzia e delladolescenza, Pianeta Infanzia, questioni e documenti, Quaderni del Centro Nazionale di documentazione ed analisi per linfanzia e ladolescenza, Firenze, Istituto degli Innocenti, N°13, gennaio 2000. La rivista, realizzata in collaborazione con la Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri - Dipartimento per gli Affari Sociali, si propone di esaminare gli indici statistici di fonti statistiche comunitarie (Eurostat, in particolare) relativi allinfanzia e alladolescenza, facendo riferimento alla situazione di singoli Paesi europei, quali Francia Germania, Regno Unito e Spagna. Il confronto con i dati nazionali e regionali precedentemente pubblicati nel quaderno N°5 viene sviluppato in questa sede. I temi su cui si sviluppa il confronto fra le varie situazioni nazionali sono: la popolazione, i minori stranieri, i minori e la famiglia, i matrimoni e i divorzi, le nascite, le interruzioni volontarie di gravidanza, mortalità infantile generale e nel primo anno di vita, la pre-scuola, listruzione, lAIDS pediatrico, i suicidi, le tossicodipendenze, gli incidenti stradali, la criminalità e la giustizia. |
GOLOMBOK S., Parenting: what really counts?, Routledge, London, 2000.
The book examines the scientific evidence on what really matters for childrens healthy psychological development. The first part considers whether it is necessary to have two parents, a father present, parents who have a genetic link with their child, or parents who are heterosexual. Part two explores the psychological processes, that underlie optimal development for children, particularly the quality of the childs relationship with parents, other family members and the wider social world. Contrary to common assumptions, Susan Golombok concludes that family structure makes less difference to childrens psychological development than day-to-day experiences of family life.
DYER F. J., Psychological consultation in parental rights cases, The Guilford Press, New York, 1999.
This volume delineates current legal and clinical guidelines for practitioners involved, as expert witnesses, in parental rights cases. Authoritative coverage of relevant statutes, case law, and professional standards is integrated with current psychological theory and research. The book guides step-by-step though the process of typical parental rights cases. Chapters present significant findings on the psychological impact of foster care, separation, loss, abuse and neglect and describe instruments and techniques to assess parenting skills and child attachment.
MOONEY J., Gender, violence and the social order, Macmillan Press, Houndmills, 2000.
The volume provide a thorough introduction to contemporary social theory (classicist criminology, positivism) by examining the way, in wich the widespread existence of violence against women is explained. A wide range of theories from liberalism to evolutionary psychology are considered, culminating in the development of a distinctive feminist position.
MC GUIRE J., MASON T., OKANE A. (edited by), Behaviour, crime and legal processes. A guide for forensic practitioners, Wiley, Chichester, 2000.
This book reflects the need to provide an overview of psychological knowledge and its forensic applications and implications, to psychology students and to related professional disciplines, such as psychiatry, nursing, policing, law, prison work and probation.
Behavioral sciences applied to forensic and legal contexts; Psychology and police investigation; Factors influencing witness evidence; Decision-making in legal settings; Explanations of offence behaviour; Psychosis and offending; Risk assessment and prediction; Treatment of sexual deviation and aggression; Treatment approaches with mentally disordered.
BOTKIN J. R., MCMAHON W. M., PICKERING FRANCIS L. (edited by), Genetics and criminality. The potential misure of scientific information in court, A.P.A., Washington, 1999.
As scientist come closer to identifying genetic markers for human behavior, society is challenged to determine how reliable these findings might be and whether they can be used to solve real-life problems. If there are specific genes that predispoSe people to violence, how should the courts use this genetics informations? Does it matter, in prosecution and sentencing, whether a genetic predisposition to criminallity exists? How should we weigh this information against environmental influences, such as poverty on phisical abuse? This book examines these questions by considering the perspectives of leaders in science, medicine, law and philosophy, perspectives that dont neatly intersect.
SUNSTEIN C. R. (edited by), Behavioral law & economics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000.
This volume analizes law by looking at how people actually behave. Marking the birth of a new field, one that combines the study of law with cognitive psychology and behavioral economics, the book offers a new perspective on many of our most disputed current legal issues, such as labor strikes, environmental protection and punitive damages. It explores the impact of human nature on legal matters ranging from tax compliance and voting behavior to corporate finance and crime. Ultimately it shows how, with a clearer knowledge of human behavior, we might be better able to predict the actual effects of law and to assess the real and potential, role of law in society.
PRINS E., Will they do it again? Risk assessment and management in criminal justice and psychiatry, Routledge, London, 1999.
The author considers the issue of public protection within a broad context of risk in society generally, examining the concerns arising in contemporary society from dealing with uncertain. It is argued that public fear over the danger posed by the mentally disordered is at odds with the evidence, and that much of the concern is focused on a small number of high - profile cases. Prins goes on to examine such cases where their management has failed and sets out suggestions for improvements in practice. The book cuts through popular misunderstanding and media hype over risk to give a clear, unbiased picture of the real risks to society from the mentally disordered and how best they can be contained and managed; it will prove invaluable to a range of practitioners involved in the field of criminal justice, psychiatry and psychology.